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Types of Neuropathy

Diabetic, chemotherapy-induced, HIV-related, B12 and alcohol-related neuropathy: causes and how treatment differs.

Medically reviewed by Dr James Bristol, MD, PhD · Updated 2026-11-15

The cause of neuropathy shapes the treatment. Diabetes is the most common cause worldwide; chemotherapy and HIV are major causes in people treated for those conditions.

TypeKey facts
Diabetic neuropathyStarts in the toes, often both feet
Chemotherapy-inducedLinked to platinum drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, bortezomib
HIV-relatedDistal sensory polyneuropathy, feet first
B12 deficiencyCommon with long-term metformin or poor absorption; treatable
Alcohol-relatedCan improve after stopping alcohol
IdiopathicNo cause found in a share of people

Symptoms: neuropathy in the feet, burning feet, numbness and tingling.

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